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References

The innovation pathway model at the heart of this site, three overlapping communities (business, research, healthcare) and a six-phase journey from ideation to adoption, was developed by Dr. Matthew Bromwich and validated through peer-reviewed health services research at Carleton University, building on the foundational innovation literature below.

The pathway model

  1. 1.Bromwich, M. (2024). Institutional support for health technology innovation programs: Health services research. Carleton University (M.Ent). Prospective observational study across nine pediatric healthcare institutions; defines the six-phase innovation pathway across the healthcare, research and business communities.
  2. 2.Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). The Free Press.
  3. 3.Goldsmith, H. R. The Goldsmith Technology Commercialization Model (TechVenture): a three-phase, six-stage, 18-step framework across technical, market and business tracks. Nebraska Business Development Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha. nbdc.unomaha.edu/technology-commercialization/techventure

The commercialization gap

  1. 4.Bégin, M., Eggertson, L., & Macdonald, N. (2009). A country of perpetual pilot projects. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(12), 1185.
  2. 5.Seyhan, A. A. (2019). Lost in translation: the valley of death across preclinical and clinical divide. Translational Medicine Communications, 4(1), 1–19.
  3. 6.Naylor, D., Jenkins, T., Girard, F., Power, C., Fraser, N., & Mintz, J. M. (2015). Unleashing Innovation: Excellent Healthcare for Canada. Government of Canada, Advisory Panel on Healthcare Innovation.
  4. 7.Castellion, G., & Markham, S. K. (2013). New product failure rates: influence of argumentum ad populum and self-interest. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), 976–979.
  5. 8.Jolly, V. (1997). Commercializing New Technologies: Getting from Mind to Market. Harvard Business School Press.
  6. 9.Kirchberger, M. A., & Pohl, L. (2016). Technology commercialization: a literature review of success factors and antecedents across different contexts. Journal of Technology Transfer, 41(5), 1077–1112.

Ecosystems and adoption

  1. 10.Adner, R. (2006). Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 98–107.
  2. 11.Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2020). Innovation ecosystems: a conceptual review and a new definition. Technovation, 90–91, 102098.
  3. 12.Dougherty, D. (1992). Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms. Organization Science, 3(2), 179–202.
  4. 13.Isenberg, D. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 40–50.

Physician time, burden and adoption

  1. 14.Canadian Medical Association & Canadian Federation of Independent Business. (2026). Losing doctors to desk work. CMA Digital Library.
  2. 15.Canadian Medical Association. (2026). Administrative burden is driving physician burnout, and puts access to care at risk. cma.ca
  3. 16.Enabling health technology innovation in Canada: barriers and facilitators in policy and regulatory processes. Health Policy.
  4. 17.CAN Health Network. (2026). Commercialization and adoption partnerships with Mohawk Medbuy and HealthPRO Canada.

The economic case

  1. 18.CORE Innovation. (2026). Canadian Health Innovation Ecosystem Scan — 288 enabler organizations mapped across a seven-stage continuum from discovery to procurement. CORE Innovation program research.
  2. 19.Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. Medical Devices Industry Profile (trade data to 2024): imports $14B, exports $5.5B, deficit $8.5B.
  3. 20.Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. (2026). Commercializing Canadian Health Research: Targeting Grants, Increasing Investment (analysis of 10,698 CIHR grants, 2009–2024).
  4. 21.Canadian Intellectual Property Office / Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. IP Canada Report 2025.
  5. 22.Government of Canada. (2023). News release: FedDev Ontario invests in new health solutions (8-80 Collaborative, $4.5M), November 2023.

Several statistics elsewhere on this site (companies engaged, exits, network reach) are CORE Innovation program data.